Study of a Child with Autism free essay sample

She was born on January 10, 2001 and the eldest of two siblings. In 2008, because of continued concerns with her being Mikhail, she was brought to DRP. Pangolin, a child neurologist. She was diagnosed with mild Florentine seizures and was prescribed Keeper MGM/day. In June 2011, she was brought to another child neurologist, DRP. Lucian for follow up. She was advised to continue medications and take a follow up EGG. She was further referred by her pediatrician to DRP. Mark Resin Cruz for developmental assessment. The initial impression was Intellectual Disability and he recommended SPED schooling for her. Likewise, because she is of school age, she was also referred to Psyched, Inc. For Psycho educational Evaluation to determine her current level of cognitive and academic functioning. Ajax, (as she is fondly called) was able to crawl at 4 months, gave her first smile at 5 months, was able to sit by 7 months, talked by 8 months, walked by 11 months and ran at 1 year and 9 months old. We will write a custom essay sample on Study of a Child with Autism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She spoke phrases by 2 years of age and was able to speak in complete sentences at 4 years of age. Jail is a fair complexioned 11 year old girl, of light build with black eyes and long hair. According to her mother, her immunization are complete and hearing and visual screening results are normal. She has a pleasant personality and seems to be in a happy mood at all times. According to Finland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VASS) test, she was rated as mildly deficient in the colonization domain (age equivalent of 5 years and 7 months). With her interpersonal relationships, she is able to identify others, responds to social communication and make her own friends. She has a best friend of the same gender. She also initiates social small talk when meeting acquaintances. She remembers birthdays of friends and family, but does not yet make or buy small gifts for them. She still has difficulty maintaining cooperative relationships with friends and tends to insist on getting her own way. For play and leisure, Jail watches television, listens to the radio for entertainment and is able to follow simple game rules without being reminded. She participates in non-school sports such as badminton. For coping skills, she is able to keep secrets or confidences and uses appropriate table manners. However, she still has difficulty controlling anger and hurt feelings as well as apologizing for hurting other peoples feelings. Furthermore, according to the Teacher Report Form completed by two of her teachers, the consistently identified problem areas were on the social relationships, thought problems, attention problems and rule breaking behavior. Items rated often true by all three respondents were: Doesnt get along with other kids, Cant get her mind off certain thoughts; obsessions, Fails to finish things she starts Cant concentrate, pay attention for long, Poor school work, Inattentive or early distracted, Lying or cheating. The ADAPT (Draw-a- Person) test showed her to be Test) which provides information about attitudes and socio emotional well being, her responses indicated generally positive attitudes towards the self, family and friends and also some concern about school performance. However, her mother reported that her strengths include being affectionate, kind and loving. On the VIM tests, her visual motor integration skills were within the 4th percentile for her age range. Her score was within the low performance range and she performed at the level of 6 years and 2 months. Her performance indicated much difficulty on this task. She had problems with reproducing angled and AD shapes. She was right handed and held the pencil in a tripod grasp with closed web space. Based on the Finland Adaptive Behavior Scale(VASS) test given to her, she was rated as mildly deficient in the communication domain (age equivalent of 7 years and 5 months). She is able to point to body parts, follow instructions requiring two actions, and can listen to the teacher for at least 5 minutes. She is able to attend to entertaining materials for at least 60 minutes and attends to school or public lecture for more than 15 minutes. She is able o speak in full sentences and use plural nouns and verb tense. She is able to give information about herself such as age and birthday. However, she has some difficulty with expressing complex ideas. She is able to write in cursive most of the time and writes short notes or messages. She also reads books of at least fourth grade level when asked to do so. However, she does not use reading materials such as dictionary, and does not read on her own initiative. Based on the Kauffman Test of Educational Achievement Second Edition (STEAK-II), her letter and word recognition skills were thin Below Average to Average range and performance was comparable to mid grade 2 level. Reading comprehension skills were within Lower Extreme to Below Average range and performance was comparable to mid -Grade 1 level. She was able to read single words and point to pictures depicting the word but has difficulty with understanding one-sentence instructions despite being able to read the sentence. She also has difficulty answering both literal and inferential questions. It indicates that she has difficulty with understanding the details of what she has read and analyzing/making conclusions about the passage. Spelling skills were within Below Average to Average range. Her performance was comparable to mid-Grade 3 level. She was able to spell words in the skill areas of single/double consonant, consonant digraph, long vowel and r-controlled vowel. She committed errors of insertion and omission of syllables which performance indicates difficulty with grade level spelling tasks. Written expression skills were within Lower Extreme to Below Average range and performance was comparable to early Grade 1 level. She was able to write name but had difficulty writing sentences in English. She performed below expected range n for sentence structure, grammar, capitalization and punctuation. She also exhibited weakness in producing comprehensible and functionally effective writing that adhered to task. Her writing suggests gaps in wore usage or semantics, proper sentence construction and overall verbal sophistication in English. Upon administration of the Stanford Bines Intelligence Scale Fifth Edition (SUB-5), Jail obtained a full Scale IQ range of 49-57 which placed her level of cognitive functioning within the Mild to Moderate range of Mental Retardation. Fluid Reasoning (FRR) abilities were within the Mild to Moderate range. She had difficulty in solving problems using words and language concepts and problems using pictorial or figural patterns. The Knowledge Abilities (AKA) tests were within the Mild to Moderate MR. . She had difficulty defining words and responded mostly in single words. Likewise, she had more difficulty with demonstrating procedural knowledge when presented with pictures of objects and asked to show what she should do with the objects. Her Quantitative Reasoning (CRY) abilities were in the Mild MR. to Low Average range; she had difficulty with numbers and number concepts. She was able to answer a single-digit addition problem. She was inconsistent in solving simple addition and subtraction word problems. She was able to demonstrate an understanding of single-digit number quantities and increasing quantity and with recognizing number patterns. Her Visual-spatial Processing (VSP) abilities were within the Mild MR. to Borderline range. She had difficulty seeing patterns, relationships, spatial orientations or the gestalt whole among the diverse pieces of a visual display. She was able to show understanding of simple positions such as front and behind. However she had more difficulty with directions and positions in relation to a reference point. She was able to fit simple geometric shapes into their correct slot in the form board. She was also able to complete simple patterns by moving plastic pieces into place; however, she had more difficulty with completing complex patterns. Her Working Memory (WHOM) ability was within the Mild to Moderate MR. range. Immediate auditory memory for rote material was below average and likewise immediate visual memory. She had difficulty storing and immediate recalling both verbal and non verbal information. In the visual associative memory test, Jail performed within below average and she was unable to recognize paired familiar objects. On the delayed visual memory, her scores were within average range. She was able to recognize paired familiar objects and unrelated objects. She was diagnosed with mild epileptic seizures in 2008 and was prescribed medications to prevent convulsions; however, shes not taking any medication as of the present. She does not manifest any maladaptive behaviors. Jail was adopted at 3 days of age. Her biological mother reportedly chain smoked throughout her pregnancy. Her nutritional status was questionable. Jail was born via normal spontaneous vaginal delivery and was born full term but an unknown birth eight. Jail live with her parents who are both college graduates. They work with the Philippine National Police and run their own franchise business. She has a 4 year old brother whom she loved dearly. She resides in a lower income class community in Tagging, approximately 5 kilometers away from Boniface Global City. The area is densely populated and most of the residents are in the military service (active or retired). However, 80% of the populace were migrants families who have transferred to the place due to demolition and relocation by the government. Crimes of all sorts are very rampant in heir community and most perpetrators are either ex military men, ex policemen or unemployed youth. Her school is a Just a few kilometers away from her home and is within walking distance. Jail lives with a cousin, way and other house helpers. Jags parents have the same reaction with others who learned that their child has a disability shock, remorse, denial and finally acceptance. The feeling that they had had to overcome these feelings to help their child. Ajax, because of hardheadedness most of the times, received spanking as discipline. At times, they would Just ignore her wrongdoings because of her disability. She loves her brother very much and acts like the big sister to him. She easily makes friends but loses them as easily because of her moody attitude. She would pick up a fight when she does not get her way or does not know how to cope in a situation. She would also do the same with a cousin and their house helps. When at home she would watch TV or listen to music in her cell phone. She would also visit friends who live nearby or would go to the mall with them. Her daily routine starts as she wake up at 6:00 in the morning, takes a bath, change into her school clothes and eat breakfast as she rush to her 7:maam class which would be until 12:pm. After school and having lunch, she would laze around and watch TV and after a while listen to music. According to her mother, she never opens her textbooks nor do her assignments even with constant reprimanding. During Saturdays and Sundays, she would stay at home or would invite friends over to her house. At times, she would visit friends who live nearby and go to the mall. She has a dog and a rabbit but she spends most of her time listening to music in her cell phone. Ajax, fit the general profile of a child with mental retardation. A lot of factors indexed her growth and development as an individual. Firstly, she was born by a mother who obviously posed a health risk to her unborn child during her pregnancy because of chain smoking. Majority of children who are born by chain smoking mothers even in their pregnancy developmental disorders. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, also called ADD, occurs more frequently in children of mothers who smoked. Studies have identified a range of other behavioral and cognitive problems associated with maternal smoking, including a 50 percent increase in rates of mental retardation (D Thompson, Jar. ND L Marcella, MD, MPH 2011). Secondly, she was diagnosed with the disability at a later age. Thirdly, because she was diagnosed at a later age, it was obvious that no intervention was done to address her disability. Her educational program did not provide her the intervention she needed in preschool and sadly no intervention was still done during her elementary. She was simply dismissed as being Mikhail, hyperactive and a slow learner. Her school FAILED MISERABLY in identifying her behavioral problems and learning difficulties. Fourthly, the fact that her parents both worked full time and jack the time to personally supervise her as she is growing up and have dismissed her behaviors and academic performance to her immaturity may have contribute further to her disability. These factors further widened the gap in her cognitive deficits and hindered her to somehow reach her optimal development as she is growing up. B. EDUCATIONAL PROFILE Jail began schooling at the age of 3 h at the MAC Interiors School. The following year, she was transferred to the La Immaculate Conception School, where she was enrolled in preschool. She has stayed at the same school ever since. During preschool, Jail was observed to be restless and did not listen to her teachers. During skills because she did not know how to read and write yet. By Grade 1, she was able to write her name and read 3-letterheads. However, her mother reported that Jail only learned to spell words during Grade 2. During the early grades she also had difficulty learning math and science. During Grade 3, Jail was enrolled in a Summon math class, and her mother reported that this was the only time that she started learning basic math operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication). At school, she ad difficulty remembering lessons and continued to struggle with reading. According to her mother, Jags grades were generally in the mid-ass range during Grades 1 to 3. During Grade 4, Jail received failing grades in her major subjects such as Math, English and Science. Her performance worsened during Grade 5. She had recently been failing all her subjects. Examination of her academic records for Grade 1 to Grade 4 revealed marks in the high ass to low ass. Before the school year 2011-2012 closes, her mother was advised by the Guidance Counselor that Jail could not be promoted to Grade 6 because of her consistent failures. If she would re enroll for the next school year, she would be readmitted to Grade 5 not Grade 6. Upon hearing this, Ajax s parents decided to transfer her to another school who would accommodate her in the Grade 6 level despite her academic performance. Jail was admitted the following school year in the Grade 6 level at SST. Bernard Academy less than a kilometer away from their house. However, after the first quarter and upon discovering that her books still remain unanswered and there seem to be no progress, her mother decided to transfer her again to another school nearby which can accommodate her disability. Ajax, was placed in the Grade 5 class of 8 students since the school does not have a Grade 6 class yet. It is a small school with a population of only 106 students. It is the only school within their area that accepts students with disabilities into the regular class. Most of her classmates are a year younger than her. She easily made friends especially with the girls. For reading activities, Jail was given a different reading material than her classmates. Considering that her reading only falls on the Grade 2 level, her teachers would give her reading material on the Grade 2 and Grade 3 level. She is also encouraged to participate in recitation especially in Filipino subjects. Jail is given journal writing activities to develop her writing and composition skills, however, she writes her Journal in Filipino. Some of her lessons would be given in the computer to differ the lesson presentation. To address her social deficits, she is involved in group classroom activities and from time to time assigned a peer to assist and encourage her. She also Joins school activities for further exposure. She exhibits no maladaptive behaviors except for occasions when she would be caught with a blank stare. To further develop self help skills, she is assigned household and personal chores to do at home as part of their PEP (Educations Panamanian at Panhandling) subject. To address her gross motor skills, she takes part in games and other physical activities as part of their Physical Education subject every Wednesday. Jail was placed into the mainstream program as recommend by the Developmental Pediatrician and the Developmental Psychologist who conducted her Psycho educational Assessment. Her parents also decided to transfer her to an inclusive school that cater to children with intellectual disability. Her current school being inclusive is sensitive to the needs of students with disabilities. In fact, it has several students with Autism, Developmental Delay and Learning Disabilities which are accommodated from preschool to Grade 5. The class size is relatively small to ensure a more personalize instruction and readily address other concerns. The staff has training on detecting learning disabilities and behavioral problems among children, teaching strategies and behavioral management. The students have been oriented about the characteristics of this rope of students and have been advice to accommodate and assist them. Aside from the regular class placement, she attends a SPED center three times a week for two hours for her Pull Out sessions in order to address more extensively her deficits in the different domains of learning. Unfortunately, many factors contribute to Jags mental retardation first was her prenatal condition which posed a great risk on her development. Her uncaring biological mother chain smoked throughout her pregnancy which might be the primary reason why Jail has mental retardation. Children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy are more likely to show: decreased mental performance scoring at age one year, decreased academic performance scores in the school-age child, reduced I. Q. Increased learning difficulties (children were 25 percent more likely to have learning disabilities if their mother smoked greater than 20 cigarettes a day), increased hyperactivity and increased behavioral problems. There are many potential long term consequences for babies born to smoking mothers, although once an infant is born, its difficult to tell whether complications are caused by mooing during pregnancy or exposure to second hand smoke. An increase in cognitive and behavior defects, along with a 50 percent increase in mental retardation without known cause, are noted by DRP. Van Emmer. Second, her educational program particularly her early childhood teachers fail to recognize her disability at a young age thus the necessary intervention was not given to her. Early childhood teachers nowadays are trained to detect developmental delay in children and should be responsible enough to inform the parents of their childs behavioral and academic concerns. Ajax, being in the Mild to Moderate range in her cognitive functioning could probably be place in the secondary level for age appropriate placement and only for colonization purposes. The school must have an inclusive program for students with special needs and the focus of instruction would be more on the functional and vocational skills she would later need in early adulthood. A functional curriculum, sometimes referred to as a life skills curriculum, is designed to teach functional life skills, or in other words, the skills necessary to live, work, and have fun in an inclusive immunity (Buck; Brown et al. ,1979).

Enter to win a pass to the Nonfiction Writers Online Conference or membership in the Nonfiction Authors Association

Enter to win a pass to the Nonfiction Writers Online Conference or membership in the Nonfiction Authors Association Contest Alert! Enter to win a pass to the Nonfiction Writers Online Conference or membership in the Nonfiction Authors Association NOTE: As of April 4, the winners have been chosen! BIG CONGRATS to Lula Lucy at Lulalucy.com for winning a Gold access pass to the Nonfiction Writers Conference, and KUDOS to Carolyn Howard Johnson for winning the Authority Membership in the NF Authors Association for a full year!!!! And thanks for all who entered. Wow well over   200 entries!   DOUBLE NOTE: The conference is May 2-4, and I assume some of you are still interested in attending. If so, use this link to sign up and mention FUNDSFORWRITERS35. Youll get 35% off the sign up fee.   FundsforWriters has teamed up with the Nonfiction Writers Conference and Nonfiction Authors Association to host an EASY contest. Two winners will be selected at random to receive one of two great prizes: A Gold access pass to the Nonfiction Writers Conference, happening May 2-4, 2018 (this event is virtual- no travel required!). Value: $225 Authority membership in the Nonfiction Authors Association for a full year! Value: $190 How to Enter: This is a blog comment contest so all you need to do to enter is post a comment below that answers this question: What are your top three writing goals this year? That’s right, simply answer the above question in the comment area below. Feel free to include your book title if applicable and a link to your website. Remember to include your email address when you register your comment so that we can contact you if you win! This contest will run from March 16 to April 1, 2018. (Winners announced April 3, 2018.) About the Prizes One winner will receive a Gold Access pass to the 8th annual Nonfiction Writers Conference, happening May 2-4, 2018 and featuring opening keynote speaker Gretchen Rubin, New York Times bestselling author of The Happiness Project, Better Than Before, and The Four Tendencies. Event speakers will cover how to write, publish, promote and profit with a book! NFWC is completely virtual- all sessions are delivered via phone or Skype. Your Gold pass includes all event recordings, an invitation to our attendees-only Facebook group, and access to our Ask-a-Pro sessions- complimentary 15-minute consulting sessions with industry experts, delivered via phone or Skype. Learn more about NFWC: http://NonfictionWritersConference.com/register-nfwc-2018/ One winner will also receive a full year of Authority membership in the Nonfiction Authors Association, a vibrant community for writers. Membership includes access to recordings from weekly teleseminars with industry experts, marketing â€Å"homework† sent via email each week, exclusive templates, checklists and other content, discounts off our year-round Nonfiction Book Awards and Nonfiction Writers Conference, and discounts with our partners including IngramSpark, Office Depot and more. Learn more about NFAA:  https://NonfictionAuthorsAssociation.com Additional Contest Guidelines Open to legal residents of the United States, age 18 or older. No purchase necessary, void where prohibited. The Sweepstakes is governed Two winners will be chosen at random to receive the prizes listed above. The specifics of the prize shall be solely determined Enter Below to Win! Post your comment What are your top three writing goals this year? Thanks for joining us- and feel free to share this contest with your writer friends!  Ã‚   C. Hope Clark, Editor, FundsforWriters.com

Existentialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Existentialism - Essay Example The actual life of the individual is what constitutes his or her â€Å"true essence† instead of there being a peremptorily ascribed essence used by others to define him or her. Hence, every human, through his or her own consciousness, creates his or her own value and determines a meaning to life. According to this philosophy, the source of our value can only be internal. This core view leads to several corollaries like- we have no predetermined nature or essence that controls what we are, what we do, or what is valuable for us, we are radically free to act independently without determination by outside influencers, we also create our values through these choices, we create our own human nature through these free choices, We 2 are thrown into existence first without a predetermined nature and it is only later that we construct our own nature or essence through our actions. In other words, it means, our Existence, through our act of free self creation, defines our Essence. The e xistentialist philosophy strongly suggests that the identity of any person cannot be found by examining what other people are like, but only in what that particular person has done. This implies that, we have no predetermined nature that controls what we are, or what we do. The key concepts that govern the theoretical philosophy of existentialism are Existence precedes Essence, Facticity, The Absurd, Authenticity, Angst, Despair and Opposition to Positivism and Rationalism. The theme of Existence precedes Essence which means that the most important consideration for any individual is the fact that he or she is an individual regardless of any label, role, stereotype, definition or any preconceived category the individual fits. The theme of facticity refers to the absolute realities attached to an individual like having a body and having committed certain actions independently. The theme of the absurd is the idea that there is nothing to the world beyond what meaning we see in it. The concept of Authenticity is the idea that one has to create one’s self and live according to the choices he or she makes. Angst or Anxiety, according to existential philosophy is the disposition of a person when he or she cannot live according to the choices made. Despair refers to the loss of hope when there is a dent in the Essence of an individual. 3 In summary, the philosophy of existentialism supports an individual’s free will, that an individual’s nature is defined through choices, that decisions are not without stress and consequences, that there are irrationalities in this universe, that personal responsibility and discipline is key, that society is unnatural while all social rules are arbitrary. The philosophy does not support the beliefs that wealth, honor and pleasure make a good life, social values and structure control the individual, accept the way it is, and that is sufficient in life, science is panacea for all travails, individuals are born good and are later ruined by society/environment as they age. The in-class example highlights the philosophy of existentialism from the point of view of two individuals. Here is one individual [â€Å"Existence†]. The essence that can be attributed to him is that he is a professor. He is a professor because he went through undergrad, grad and post-grad

Personal and professinal dvelopment for business Essay

Personal and professinal dvelopment for business - Essay Example The lessons gained should be turned into handy tools to develop personality which proves to be very useful in later professional years. Many valid and reliable aspects of my personal and professional development so far will be discussed in the coming sections to analyze the extent to which I can be considered successful or trained so far. This reflective review basically aims at presenting an insightful, comprehensive, and enlightening analysis of my professional skills and practical experiences. Experiences of Education and Training (Last 2 Years) My college has played a critical role in helping me gain a variety of exquisite business experiences. Till now, I have remained engaged with many interesting group projects to analyze what it takes to beat resistance and go all the way through to achieve something. Such practical experiences have introduced me to new skills also which every student aspiring to be a great professional essentially depends on, like the ability to blend in a t eam leading to quality teamwork. Working with a good team while motivated by same goals as everyone else now forms a resolute feature of my personality given considerable experience I have gained in that area. Instead of letting myself get sidetracked by conflicts which so often mar the spirit of teamwork, I concentrate on looking beyond temporary troubles and try to steer people towards shared interests. This has enabled me to make abundant use of communication skills also because naturally people cannot be persuaded to contribute without smart talent talk (Srikantaiah & Koenig 2008: 144). My experiences have told me that the right attitude should be to engage others in my thought processes. I have always enthusiastically participated in every academic and non-academic activity which offered even a minimal opportunity of growth and expansion. It is usual for different reputable organizations in the world to be more attracted to employees who are innovative in their design and I abs olutely conform to this hiring approach by pushing boundaries and going further than most other people. Interactive skills I accrued through college experiences are also worth mentioning here because I was not as sociable in life as I am now after two years if college education. Development and Key Lessons Learned (Last 2 Years) On grounds of what I learned at college through incredible professors and student discussions and in practical life through student union engagements and internship, I am now familiar with a smarter way of organizing and applying certain ideas. These ideas relate to engaging people, showing them ways to contribute, achieving mutually shared goals, and keeping positive attitudes. I have learned that people who are not passionate in their personal life cannot be passionate about work either. A person’s innate dispositions matter a lot in professional career as in how satisfied/dissatisfied he/she will be with work and job etc. (Buchanan & Bryman 2009: 2 06). I have noticed during my time at college that personal stress has always affected my work performance resulting in dissatisfaction, while others appeared satisfied with the same nature of work. This made me learn how important it is to have positive attitude about life to excel professionally. Personality is developed by encouraging students to make huge investments in their field of interest through state-of-the-art

Sample Company’s Challenge Essay Example for Free

Sample Company’s Challenge Essay Sample Company has offices in Sacramento, New York, Chicago, Atlanta, Dallas and is currently working on a IPv4 infrastructure which poses a problem with future business operations. By the end of 2011, there will be no more IPv4 addresses. New customers and Internet traffic will be using the next-generation protocol: IPv6. The accelerating growth of the Internet presents powerful opportunities to transform the way we work, live, play, and learn. † (The Internet is in Transition, 2011). Do you want to be on the cutting edge of Internet possibilities or still working on the old IPv4 platform? ABC, Inc. s Solution: To successfully convert your company from an IPv4 to IPv6 platform. This business proposal will explain the advantages of a TCP/IP IPv6 infrastructure and how it will help to improve business operations. Now is the time to plan for this critical transition! Below, I will explain the numerous advantages of IPv6 over IPv4. In analyzing your company’s size and sales figures, I have noticed that there are 3,586 companies in the USA within your same industry and you operate smaller than average in annual business sales, number of employees, and revenue per employee but rank average for the amount of years in business. So you ask, why bother transitioning to IPv6 when we are a much smaller business than the average business in this industry? Do we really need to? The answer is yes and the reasons why are explained below. IPv6 Provides More Addresses: Most industries rely on the Internet and have seen significant gains in production and operations from this technology. Suppliers, customers, vendors, etc. use the Internet for orders, supply tracking, etc. The internet now plays a crucial role in most companies operations. While IPv4 has worked well for us for many years, the problem now lies in space exhaustion. It is estimated that IPv4 can only address 4 billion IP addresses. IPv4 is the protocol that provides these IP addresses which are like phone numbers or a home address that describes the physical location of the node or computer so that they may communicate with the Internet. The advantage of IPv6 is that it will use 128 bit addresses instead of the 32 bit addresses that IPv4 currently uses which caps us at the roughly 4 billion maximum addresses available. This means, there will virtually be enough addresses on IPv6 to address almost every device the particular network is utilizing. Therefore, when IPv6 increases the size and range of devices connected to the Internet, the benefit of the network effect will increase as well. â€Å"To provide equal opportunities worldwide, the Internet architecture must cope with rapid growth in consumer interest and usage. The forecast for growth leads to a new perspective on the demand for IP address space. Even without taking into consideration expected address allocation inefficiencies, IPv4’s 32-bit address space is inadequate to support a plethora of connected devices owned by one-third of Earth’s population. (Grossetete, Popoviciu, Wettling, 2008). IPv6 Security Advantages: Another advantage of IPv6 over IPv4 is security. IPv4 offers an optional IP security where IPv6 has it already built in. â€Å"IPv6 ensures that there are end-to-end security mechanisms that will provide authentication and encryption abilities to all applications and thereby eliminates the need for applications themselves to have integrated support for such abilities. The added benefit of using the same security mechanisms for all applications is that setting up and administering security policies becomes a lot simpler. IPv6 allows for complete end-to-end security thereby allowing for a new set of personalized services to be deployed such as mobile e-commerce services that rely on secure transactions. TCP/IP networks that are utilizing IPv4 are dealing with a host of issues encompassing security† (Das, K. 2011). In today’s Internet world, IPv4 platform security issues exist like connection hijacking, IP spoofing, and packet sniffing. There are not always solutions to these problems and if attempted solutions exist, they are usually at the Application level which creates a problem because they re not always operational between different applications or networks. While IPv6 is not a solution to all possible attacks and situations, it does address many lower level attacks which accounts for the majority of attacks on the average network. IPv6 and WANs: Your company has offices all over the nation which means you are utilizing a WAN or wide area network. IPv6 will work even better with WAN’s because â€Å"The expansion of the Internet is also tied to the rapid development and market penetration of enabling technologies such as high-speed broadband and wireless access. Many enterprises have shifted from point-to-point, ATM, and Frame Relay infrastructures to IP-based local- and wide-area networks (LAN and WAN) for basic business operations. Traditional voice carriers are migrating their voice network to IP-based transport to reduce or eliminate future capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) related to redundant parallel network infrastructures. These IP-based technologies modify an application’s landscape by changing the use of the Internet from a client/server model to a more distributed model or peer-to-peer model. Very rapid and successful adoption of distributed applications such as Voice over Internet (VoIP), instant messaging, content sharing, and Internet gaming leads people with â€Å"always-on† and â€Å"always best† access to the Internet to be content producers as well as consumers. An expanded IP address space is necessary to support this paradigm change in the way the Internet is used† (Grossetete, Popoviciu, Wettling, 2008). IPV6 and VPN’s: Another advantage of IPv6 over IPv4 is the benefits it offers associated with VPN’s or virtual private networks. If you plan to implement a VPN or are currently running one, IPv6 will present new advantages. For example, in IPv6 it will be easier to implement a VPN because of the headers. IPv4 does not allow for multiple headers which creates a problem of compatibility within the firewalls of different vendors. IPv6 allows for multiple headers and eliminates this problem. Simply stated, this leads to faster routing. IPv6 and Networking: IPv6 creates a new platform that the Internet can operate on makes for the atmosphere of growth. One of the biggest advantages is the change from peer to peer networking to end to end networking. Peer to peer networking examples are VOiP, online video gaming, online video-conferencing etc. End to end networking allows for a group of computers to talk to each other without the need for process through a server first. That is a huge advantage! IPv6 and Better Node Configurations: Next, IPv6 trumps IPv4 because of node configurations. Every piece of equipment attached to a network must be configured properly and now it will be easier than ever with IPv6. This is because IPv6 offers automatic configuration versus the stateful configuration needed for IPv4. What does this mean you ask? It means that, â€Å"In stateless auto configuration, a host can automatically configure its own IPv6 address and does not need any assistance from a stateful address server. Entire IPv6 prefixes rather than just an address are delivered to a device. This particular feature enables routers to easily auto configure their interfaces and can be used very effectively in broadband access networks to dynamically provide customer gateways† (www. IPv6. com, 2011). IPv6 and the ease of administration: Another great advantage of IPv6 over IPv4 is the ease of administration. In IPV4, any new addressing must be done manually whenever there is a change to the network. With IPv6, you can now have numbering done automatically which makes for easier transitions in network changes of any sort. As you can see, the advantages of IPv6 over IPv4 are numerous. While there is much skepticism on how the transition with be costly and burdensome, it has actually been implemented already in various parts of the world. The earlier you start, the better off you will be should there be any kinds to iron out. This has to be a thoroughly planned event and takes time to changeover. IPv6 creates a new world of internet functionality and growth. Your business can flourish with the advantages of IPv6. As with any new technology, the price is typically higher in the beginning but the long run, you save money because your company is more efficient thus more profitable! â€Å"The improvement in network reliability would build the confidence of both enterprise and individual users in the integrity of network transactions. That would certainly yield high returns. † (IPv6: Its time, 2003).

Art Styles of Last 100 Years :: essays papers

Art Styles of Last 100 Years The turmoil and changes that the world has faced over the last one hundred years has brought about some of the most interesting and intricate art styles ever. Some of the most influential artists have also arisen amongst these styles. Artists such as Andy Warhol, Salvador Dali, and Jackson Pollack are the leaders in their arts. Art movements and styles such as abstract expressionism, surrealism, the Cubist Movement, pop art, and international styles in architecture have been influenced by social life, war, reacting to other art forms, and rebelling. I will talk about these art forms in the following paragraphs. Abstract expressionism does not describe any one particular style, but rather a universal attitude, not all of the work was abstract, nor was it all-expressive. These artists put morally loaded themes onto their canvases. In contrast to the themes of social realism and regional life that characterized American art of previous decades. The main exponents of the field were Pollock, de Kooning, and Rothko, but other artists included Guston, Kline, Newman and Still. The painters who came to be called â€Å"Abstract Expressionists† shared a similarity of outlook rather than of style-an outlook characterized by a spirit of revolt and a belief in freedom of expression. Surrealism was a means of reuniting conscious and unconscious realms of experience so completely that the world of dream and fantasy would be joined to the everyday rational world in â€Å"an absolute reality, a surreality.† The major surrealist painters were Jean Arp, Max Ernst, Andre Masson, Rene Magritte, Yves Tanguy, Salvador Dali, Pierre Roy, Paul Delvaux, and Joan Miro. With its emphasis on content and free form, surrealism provided a change to the existing, highly formalistic Cubist Movement and was largely responsible for bringing about in modern painting the traditional value on content. The Cubist Movement began as an intellectual revolt against the artistic expression of previous eras. The cubists didn’t use the sensual appeal of paint, texture and color, subject matter with emotional charge or mood; the play of light on for, movement, atmosphere, and the illusionism that proceeded from scientifically based perspective. The cubists used fragmented and redefined pictures within a shallow plane or within several interlocking and often invisible planes. The International Style of Architecture has influenced buildings since World War 2. Beginning in Germany in the 20’s, the International Style consists of industrial materials such as glass, steel, and concrete in the form of geometric shapes.

Teaching Assistant

Describe How You Might Contribute To a Lesson Given To a Group Of Seven Year Old Children Learning To Play Percussion Instruments? As a Teaching Assistant supervising a group of seven year olds who are to learn to play musical instruments, I would first make sure these instruments are available, clean, safe and ready to be used for this lesson. Any music sheets related to playing must be prepared and available in the classroom in advance. During the lesson I would supervise the children using the instruments and check they are using them correctly and are not messing about with them, and causing any damage to themselves, anyone else or the equipment. Pupils who have difficulties playing or holding the instruments must be supported. It is important to be a good role model by showing children how to hold and play with these instruments. I should make sure all the children follow my instructions, repeat my instructions and focus on me while I am demonstrating the instrument. At the end of the lesson I would check that the instruments are still in good condition and encourage children to put equipment away tidy and safely. During the lesson I can monitor the class and then make an observations written report that can help track the activity, behaviour, difficulties, preferences, cognitive skills and progress of each child. 2. What might be your role in organizing, using and maintaining the learning resources, materials and equipment? My role as a Teaching Assistant in this lesson, regarding organization and material, is to ensure everything is ready for the lesson before starting it. All the material should be checked for safety, hygiene, cleanliness, good state and put in the right place as agreed by the teacher. It is important to maintain a complete and accurate inventory of resources. To be able to conduct these the teaching assistant should find out from the teacher what their role is and what responsibilities they have when it comes to the organisation of the learning environment. I would encourage pupils to return materials to the correct place after they have been used. I may have to dispose of any waste and redundant resources safely and always looking for opportunities to recycle materials and equipment. I should prepare and set out learning resources in line with the preparation requirements given by the teacher. When the lesson is finished, I must ensure that each material is back to original place, and it’s not broken or damaged. Any marks should be reported to the teacher.